军用防腐涂料涂装的发展探讨

对国内外武器装备腐蚀控制的基本现状进行分析。论述了防腐涂料涂装技术在装备腐蚀控制中的重要作用。通过对美军腐蚀控制策略和在研军用防护涂层项目的分析．提出了军用防腐涂料涂装技术的发展方向。根据我国目前军用防护涂层的发展状况，提出我国发展军用防腐涂料涂装技术建议。     

中国灾害的军事救援及其机制研究

中国是一个灾害频繁的国家。灾害造成了巨大的直接、间接经济损失和人员伤亡，对社会经济发展产生了严重的影响。中国的具体国情和人民解放军的特殊性质，决定了军事救援历来在中国的灾害救援中具有不可替代的地位，发挥着突击队和生力军的作用。由于客观上存在着一些制约因素，使得军事救援的实施效率受到了一定程度的影响，未能得到最大限度的发挥。因此，必须尽快建立适应新时期军队执行抢险救灾任务需要的军事救援机制。     

军绿有机涂层破损腐蚀行为研究

目的研究不同破损程度下军绿有机涂层的腐蚀行为,确定破损率对其防护性能变化的影响。方法通过人工制作不同的破损率,并利用电化学阻抗谱技术,研究不同破损程度下军绿有机涂层的电化学特征。结果根据不同破损程度下的军绿有机涂层的电化学特征,确定了涂层从完好到失效的四个阶段,初始完好阶段(破损率K≤0.0004%)、破损增大阶段(0.0016%K≤0.04%)、破损过大阶段(0.16%K≤1%)和失效阶段(4%K≤16%)。结论破损率K为0.04%的点是该涂层防护性能急转直下的转折点,因此破损率K大于0.04%时,应及时对车辆表面涂层进行修补和防护。     

北京2015年大气细颗粒物的空间分布特征及变化规律

近年来,随着雾霾事件的频发,人们逐渐提高了对雾霾的关注度,PM_2.5作为其首要污染物对大气能见度及人体健康造成了严重影响.因此,本文利用2015年北京12个环境监测站点的PM_2.5、PM₁₀、NO₂、SO₂、CO和O₃的浓度数据和气象数据,综合研究了北京2015年大气细颗粒物的空间变化特征及分布规律.同时,利用空间差异率（COD）统计方法评估了不同地区细颗粒物浓度的差异程度,并结合2015年2次特殊事件（春节和阅兵）,对大气污染特征及其与排放源控制的关系进行了深入对比分析.结果发现,重污染天气集中发生在秋冬季,且污染程度高、持续时间长.城区PM_2.5浓度比郊区高约12 μg·m^-3.东城区与对照区差异最大,COD值为0.24;东城区与西城区差异最小,COD值为0.05.春、夏、秋季颗粒物PM_2.5、PM₁₀浓度日变化较为平稳,在中午有所升高,冬季颗粒物质量浓度明显呈现出夜间高于日间的污染模式.近3年PM_2.5与PM₁₀保持显著的相关性,但PM_2.5/PM₁₀比值呈降低趋势.阅兵期间采取的空气质量管控措施和气象要素共同作用导致PM_2.5浓度下降约72%,市中心的首要污染物为NO₂,郊区首要污染物为O₃和PM₁₀.春节期间烟花燃放对PM_2.5的瞬时贡献量很大,对比春节假期和非假期2个阶段的大气污染特征发现,人口和机动车减少及餐馆暂停营业并没有使北京局地空气质量得到明显改善.该研究结果提示在进行PM_2.5控制的同时也要对O₃浓度有所关注,同时也进一步支撑了北京空气质量改善需要京津冀协同控制这一重要结论.     

Apples, Pears and Porridge: The Origins and Impact of the Search for ''Coherence'' between Humanitarian and Political Responses to Chronic Political Emergencies

During the 1990s a consensus emerged within the international humanitarian system that there was a need to enhance the 'coherence' between humanitarian and political responses to complex political emergencies. Closer integration between aid and political responses was seen to be necessary in order to address the root causes of conflict-induced crises, and to ensure that aid did not exacerbate political tensions. This paper explores the theory and practice of coherence over the past decade. It argues that, by sleight of hand, the coherence agenda has been reinterpreted such that humanitarian action has become the primary form of political action, rather than merely a substitute for it. The coherence agenda has been driven by geopolitical events, domestic policy considerations in donor countries and the more parochial concerns of aid policy, and is reflected in a number of substantive changes in the humanitarian architecture. Many of the tenets of this 'new humanitarianism' have been embraced by the majority of relief agencies, and thus legitimised it. The paper concludes that political humanitarianism, as opposed to active engagement by political and military actors, is flawed ethically and technically. It will provide neither an effective palliative for the ill effects of war, nor address its causes.     

Humanitarian action and military intervention: temptations and possibilities

Although the war in Liberia in July 2003 claimed hundreds of lives, the international community was reluctant to intervene. In this article, the author debates the question: does international military intervention equal protection of populations? The role of humanitarian organisations in military intervention is considered. Aid organisations cannot call for deployment of a protection force without renouncing their autonomy or appealing to references outside their own practices. Such organisations provide victims with vital assistance and contribute to ensuring that their fate becomes a stake in political debate by exposing the violence that engulfs them, without substituting their own voices for those of the victims. The political content of humanitarian action is also outlined and military intervention in the context of genocide is discussed. The author concludes that the latter is one of the rare situations in which humanitarian actors can consider calling for an armed intervention without renouncing their own logic.     

Integrated disaster relief logistics: a stepping stone towards viable civil–military networks?

The twenty‐first century has seen a significant rise in all forms of disasters and this has resulted in military and humanitarian organisations becoming more frequently engaged in the provision of support to those affected. Achieving an efficient and effective logistic preparation and response is one of the key elements in mitigating the impact of such events, but the establishment of mechanisms to deliver an appropriately integrated civil–military approach remains elusive. Not least because of the high percentage of assistance budgets spent on logistics, this area is considered to represent fertile ground for developing improved processes and understanding. In practice, the demands placed on civilian and military logisticians are broadly similar, as is the solution space. Speaking a common language and using common concepts, it is argued, therefore, that the logistic profession should be in the vanguard of the development of an improved civil–military interface.     

Privatisation and outsourcing in wartime: the humanitarian challenges

The tendency today to privatise many activities hitherto considered the exclusive preserve of the state has given rise to sharp debate. The specific nature of humanitarian emergencies elucidates in particularly stark contrast some of the main challenges connected to the privatisation and outsourcing of essential public services, such as the provision of drinking water and health care. Privatising the realms of defence and security, which are at the very core of state prerogative, raises several legal and humanitarian concerns. This article focuses on the roles and responsibilities of the various parties involved in armed conflicts, especially those of private companies engaged in security, intelligence and interrogation work, and in the provision of water supply and health services. It highlights the need for humanitarian and development actors to grasp better the potential risks and opportunities related to privatisation and outsourcing with a view to supplying effective protection and assistance to communities affected by war.     

美国军用标准航天器试验基线与量级调整研究

对美国航天器试验的军用标准的发展进行了调研,系统地整理了MIL-STD-1540标准到SMC-S-016A标准的发展脉络,针对系统级、组件级试验基线的修订进行了整理、分析。以热试验为典型研究对象,整理了不同标准对于系统级、组件级热试验在试验温度范围、循环数、剪裁方法上的修改,对比了试验基线、试验量级的变迁,结合美国航天器型号与验证理念的发展,分析了其修订的依据,为我国相应标准的制定、修订提供了参考。     

军用车辆防腐工艺存在的主要问题及改进措施

对部分军用车辆生产厂家和使用部队进行了调研,对军用车辆的腐蚀现状、防腐工艺进行了研究分析,重点研究了军用车辆的防腐工艺,主要包括基材的预处理、涂防锈底漆、刮腻子、喷面漆以及零部件电镀等几个方面,并对防腐工艺存在的主要问题及改进措施进行了论述。